[ effect of massage therapy on the severity of labor in primiparous women]

Labor pain is the most severe pain that most of women experience it. Using novel and supportive methods of relieving labor pains such as massage therapy, labor could be a pleasant and enjoyable experience. This study was conducted to determine the effect of massage therapy on the severity of labor pain in primiparous women. In this clinical trial study a total of 60 primiparous women who were hospitalized in Mahdieh and Hedayat hospitals of Tehran were selected using simple random sampling and randomly divided into two groups of control and case [massage therapy]. The severity of pain before intervention [at the beginning of active phase] in the 4, 8, and 10 cm cervical dilation was measured in both groups by means of a Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]. Duration of the first and the second and type of delivery in both groups were investigated. Data in the two groups were compared using independent t and Chai-square tests. Before intervention, the results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Mean of severity of pain [at the beginning of the active phase] was 5.88 +/- 1.07 and 6.75 +/- 1.39 in the case the control, respectively [P<0.01]. At the beginning of transitional phase, it was 7.09 +/- 0.89 and 8.54 +/- 1.06 [P<0.05] and at the end of the first stage was 9.16 +/- and 9.73, respectively [P<0.05]. The duration of the first stage of the delivery in the case and control was 246.16 +/- 98.82 and 362.50 +/- 111.84, respectively. Regarding the effect of massage therapy in both decreasing of labor pain and in the acceleration of delivery, education and then using of the method in labor centers would result in decreasing of proposed caesarean sections

Effect of massage therapy on severity of pain and outcome of labor in primipara

Labor pain is the most severe pain a woman experience in her life. The severity and duration of labor pain is more, in primiparous women and may lead to undesirable psychological effects, lowered self-confidence and anxiety. New supportive methods like massage therapy could change the labor into a pleasant and desirable experience. Regarding this, the current study was fulfilled to evaluate the effect of massage therapy on severity of labor pain. It is a clinical trial on sixty women undergoing delivery in selected hospitals of Tehran. Target population was all the women admitted in Mahdieh and Hedayat hospitals, Tehran, for delivery. The cases were primiparous women with single fetus in the age range of 20 to 34 with cervical dilatation of four centimeters and less and gestational age of 38 to 42 weeks. They were divided into massage therapy and control groups, randomly. Severity of pain was measured in visual analogue scale [VAS] and the questionnaires were filled at the cervical dilatation of 4, 8 and 10 centimeters. Massage therapy was done using effleurage method as a type of Swedish massage technique. The data was analyzed using descriptive [frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation] and analytical [independent t-test and chi square] statistical methods by SPSS software. The results demonstrated that the mean of pain severity at the first stage of labor was significantly different between the experiment group and the control group, at the start of active phase [p= 0.009], end of transitional phase [p= 0.014] and end of the first stage [p=0.01]. Also, the duration of the first stage of the labor was different in experiment and control group. Massage therapy could be introduced as a new useful method during delivery; regarding its supportive role. It is supposed that the results of the study would introduce massage therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention during delivery to reduce the labor pain and causes a decrease in the number of cesarean sections, done to avoid the fear and anxiety, induced by normal vaginal deliveries in young mothers

Epidural painless delivery: a phenomenology research

Regarding the recent increase in elective cesarean and satisfaction of women and physician, the Iranian government has tried to solve this problem by epidural painless delivery [E.P.D]. Because of opposite views of people and society about epidural, this Study was done to find the real experiences of people. Its aim was description of mother's experiences of epidural painless delivery. This is a qualitative, phenomenological study. We selected 12 pregnant women that under wont epidural painless delivery in Shabihkhani Hospital. We used sampling method of based on object and continued until reaching fullness of information. We used depth interview for collection of information. Data analysis was done via collaizzi seven-stage method. findings of these interviews were classified in 195 codes and 9 themes and 3 main concepts, consisting of choice of painless delivery, nature of painless delivery, the role of human resources and managing system. Mothers' good experience of epidural painless delivery leads to choosing this kind for the next delivery, suggesting it to others and results in decreasing elective cesarean rate

relationship between life style and individual reproductively characteristics of pregnant woman

Life style is the collection of behaviors influenced by individuals' characteristics, social interactions and socio-economic situations. Since, pregnancy is a part of life it can change persons' life style. This study has tried to evaluate the relationship between life style and some characteristics of pregnant women. This study was an analytic cross sectional study. The data were collected by a questionnaire about different life style dimensions and some characteristics of pregnant women from 326 subjects referred to selected health and treatment centers of Shiraz in 2005. The data were analyzed by SPSS using t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings of this study indicated the more acceptable life style was nutrition and the less acceptable was physical activity. There were significant relations [P<0.01] between pregnancy age and stress, parity and physical activity, education level and nutrition, with physical activity of studied population. Also there was a significant difference [P<0.01] concerning stress score in wanted and unwanted pregnancies, in dimension of stress and in dimension of nutrition and physical activity score in employed women and housewives [P<0.01]. Educating pregnant woman about control of stress, suitable social relations, secure sex activity and regular appropriate physical activities at the time of maternal care are necessary

Contraception experiences of young women in their first years of marriage

Pregnancy prevention is an important factor in women's life changing in various periods. Selection of contraception method is personally unique and can bridge between their experiences and their unmet needs. The aim of this study was to determine contraception experiences in the first years of marriage. This was a qualitative phenomenological study. The studied population was composed of young women in their first years of marriage [before their first delivery]. The data were collected with in-depth and unstructured interviews and analyzed by Collaizi method. The findings of the study were classified in 75 codes and four categories as following; Impedimental factors, Motivating factors, Exchanging factors, Abandon factors. Young women mentioned their positive and negative experiences of the first years of marriage. Their experiences are useful to promote the quality of services to fulfill their needs.

[Contraception experiences of young women in their first years of marriage]

Pregnancy prevention is an important concern in women's life that changes in various periods. Contraception method selection is personally unique and can bridge between their experiences and their unmet needs. The aim of this study is to determine contraception in the first years of marriage. This is a qualitative phenomenological study. The population studied was composed of young women in their first years of marriage [before their first delivery]. The data were collected with in-depth and unstructured interviews and analysed by collaizi method. The findings of the research were classified in 75 codes and four categories as following: 1] Impedimental factors. 2] Motivating factors. 3] Exchanging factors. 4] Abandon factors. Young women mentioned positive and negative experiences in their first years of marriage. Application of their experiences is useful to promote the quality of service to fulfill their needs

Effect of massage therapy on pain severity and labor of primipara

Labor pain is a sort of pain experienced with most of the women. This pain is more and longer among primipara. This can result in invert effects such as fear, Loss of selfconfidence and anxiety. New supportive methods such as massage therapy can change labor to a pleasant event The present study is a quasi-experimental research titled ad " effect of massage therapy on pain severity and final result of labor in primipara woman". The subjects were hospitalized in two elective maternity hospitals in Tehran [2003]. Samples of the research were 60 primipara women having qualifications for the research. Sampling was done with convenient sampling. For data collecting, questionnaires and pain evaluation scales were used. Technique of massage was Effleurage that is a kind of Swedish massage exhibited for the first time in labor by Lindakimber. Before administrating any interventions, severity of pain was measured [in the beginning of active phase], in 4cm dilatation in two groups of women. Next, after massage therapy, severity of pain in 4, 8, 10cm dilatation of cervix was measured and compared with another group. Then, final result of Labor, duration of the phases 1,2 and type of labor in two groups, were compared and assessed. Research findings have been showed in table 15 and chart 7. For data analysis, SPSS software and descriptive and deductive statistical methods were used. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between mean pain severity in the first phase in massage therapy group and the control group in three initial phases of active phase [P=0.00q] and the beginning of transitive phase [P=0.014] and the end of first phase [P=0.01]. Duration of the first labor phase in groups of massage therapy and contrel was different. Results of cervix were decreased, in those group, which had massage therapy, compared with another group.This method is highly recommended as a non pharmacological method to decrease pain and duration of phase 1 babor and even to decrease fear and anxiety of normal labor in women.

[Compliance of standard precautions for prevention of AIDS in maternity care units]

Introduction: AIDS was a problem of the industrial countries at first, but today it is a universal one, so that health care workers especially midwives and other workers in maternity care units are at high risk and their compliance of standard precautions is important. This research was carried out to investigate the quality of compliance of these precautions in maternity care unites

Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive analytic survey carried out on 66 midwives and 16 helper staffs in governmental maternity care unites of Kerman and Rafsanjan. The data were gathered with two checklists. All midwives and helper staffs were involved in this research. SPSS soft ware was used for data analysis

Results: The findings showed that 80.3% of midwives were at average level of practice, 16.7% were poor and 3% good. 75% of helper staffs were at poor level of practice, 25% were average not having good practice. Equipments were appropriate for both of them

Discussion: The midwives and helper staffs had appropriate equipments but only 3% of midwives had good practice while helper staffs didn't. So probably additional factors such as insufficient information and motivation, crowded ward etc. affected their practice. So in order to improve quality of practice, barriers should be determined and removed

[Mother's attitude concerning parenting style and primary school students' growth and development]

Introduction: Children are the most valuable assets and the most vulnerable age groups in societies and the provision of their wellbeing and optimal growth are constructive and fruitful investments in economical, social and cultural welfare of society. The existence of a child is not only based on achieving a desired physical growth but also on his adjustment with the environment and development capabilities. Then consideration of several aspects of growth and its multifactor predictors is important. This study is based on effects of emotive environment and the way that the child is treated on his physical and mental growth

Material and Methods: This study is a descriptive retrospective correlation one on 204 first grade students randomly clustered. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire and standard tools for weight and height assessment. Questionnaires consisted of demographic characteristics and Bury Parental Authoritative questionnaires as well as Raven IQ test according to child's assessment. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as stepwise multiple regression, Pearson coefficient correlation and ANOVA test

Results: Results showed that maternal attitude to parenting style is related to child's cognitive development. We found a reversal negative correlation between Authoritarian maternal Attitude and child's IQ. There was no relationship between this variable and child's physical growth

Discussion: Findings of present study suggest that in order to achieve successful growth, we have to consider multisystemic methods that cover several aspects of growth and also consider emotional factors such as parenting style according to successful cognitive development. We can use these results for maternal consultation education and child growth assessment